Fig. 5

IL-22 dampens anti-ZIKV CD8⁺ T cell responses. Neonatal WT and IL-22^-/- mice were s.c. infected with ZIKV. a, b Viral loads of the spleen and brain were measured at 2, 7, 13, and 20 dpi. c, d Lymphocytes were harvested from the spleen and brain at 13 dpi and stimulated with ZIKV peptide for 5 hrs in the presence of Brefeldin A. ZIKV-specific CD8⁺ T cells were quantified by intracellular flow cytometry staining. e Neonatal WT mice were s.c. infected with ZIKV, followed by rIL-22 treatment as indicated in Fig. 2e. Viral loads of the brains were measured at 13 dpi, and f ZIKV-specific CD8⁺ T cells were quantified in the spleen and brains. All experiments were repeated three times independently. Data are shown as means ± SEM and a two-tailed Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001