Fig. 2

Lasting effects of irradiation on BBB integrity, neurogenesis, and cell proliferation. a Representative whole brain images of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity via Prussian blue (blue) in control (WT CON), irradiated (GFP-BM CON), and monocyte-engrafted (GFP-BM REPOP) mice. Spleen provides as a positive control. Insert shows higher-resolution images of a Prussian blue⁺ spot. b Quantification of number of Prussian Blue⁺ spots in the whole brain. c Representative immunofluorescence images of immunoglobulin (IgG, blue), fibrinogen (red), and GFP (BM-derived cells, green) in the cortex. d Quantification of % area of IgG and fibrinogen colocalization in the cortex. e Representative immunofluorescence images of neurogenesis marker doublecortin⁺ (DCX, red), proliferation marker Ki67⁺ (light blue), DAPI⁺ (blue), and GFP⁺ (green) staining. f Quantification of Ki67⁺ cells per FOV in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. g Representative immunofluorescence images of neurogenesis marker doublecortin⁺ (DCX, red) and proliferation marker Ki67⁺ (light blue) staining. h Quantification of DCX staining intensity in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. i Representative immunofluorescence images of proliferating myeloid cells stained for IBA1 (blue), proliferation marker Ki67 (red), and GFP (green). j Quantification of Ki67⁺ IBA1⁺ (including GFP⁺ and GFP⁻) cells per FOV. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 5–8). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. CTX cortex, HC hippocampus, SVZ subventricular zone, GFP green fluorescent protein, IBA1 ionized calcium adapter molecule 1. Scale bar ~ 50 μm