Fig. 4

Robust TSPO immunoreactivity in a subset of neurons in the cerebellum. a–e Representative samples of double-label immunostained 5 μm brain sections for TSPO (red) and Iba-1 (brown) and their corresponding hematoxylin/eosin near adjacent section are shown a Buffer-OPN⁺, b HIV-OPN⁺, c HIV-OPN⁺, d Buffer-OPN^-, and e HIV-OPN^-. An ordered array of Purkinje neurons was not visible in HIV-infected mice lacking osteopontin (e, HIV-OPN^-) compared to d HIV-OPN⁺. f Enlarged area from d, e is shown with the white matter, Purkinje, granular, and molecular layers of the cerebellum indicated by the arrows