Fig. 1

The upregulation of COX-1 expression in the rd10 retina. a–f Retinal sections from the dorsal retina at about 1 mm away from the optic nerve head along the dorsal-ventral axis of P25 CX3CR1^+/GFP (a–c) and CX3CR1^+/GFP/rd10 (g–i) mice were stained with an antibody specific for COX-1 (red). d–f Highly magnified images from the boxed regions in a, b, and c. j–l Highly magnified images from the boxed regions in g, h, and i. Arrows indicate colocalization between GFP-expressing microglia (green) and COX-1 signals (red), and arrowheads point to retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cell nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) (blue). RPE retinal pigment epithelium, ONL outer nuclear layer, OPL outer plexiform layer, INL inner nuclear layer, IPL inner plexiform layer, GCL ganglion cell layer. Scale bar, 20 μm in a–c and g–i. m ELISA quantification of COX-1 protein levels from P18 and P25 CX3CR1^+/GFP and CX3CR1^+/GFP/rd10 mouse retinas (P18: WT versus rd10, t(8) = 2.31, p = 0.025; P25: WT versus rd10, t(8) = 4.92, p = 0.00058). n qPCR analyses of COX-1 mRNA levels in sorted primary microglial cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) from P18 CX3CR1^+/GFP and CX3CR1^+/GFP/rd10 mouse retinas (WT versus rd10, t(8) = 4.39, p = 0.00096). Each bar represents the mean value (± s.d.) calculated from 5 mice and normalized to the value for WT group, which was set to 1.00. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 vs. age-matched WT control