Fig. 5

Minocycline application inhibited microglia reaction in optic nerves. a Staining of phagocytes (Iba1⁺, red), microglia (Tmem119⁺ and Iba1⁺, green), macrophages (Tmem119⁻ and Iba1⁺), microglia/macrophages in an active state (ED1, red, arrows), and cell nuclei (DAPI, blue) was carried out. b The Iba1⁺ phagocyte number was increased in the S100B group compared to the naïve and the PBS group. Minocycline treatment reduced phagocyte proliferation. c In the S100B group, the number of microglia was increased compared to the naïve, the PBS, the 13.5 mg/kg mino, and the 25 mg/kg mino group. d Comparable phagocyte (Tmem119⁻ and Iba1⁺) counts were seen in all groups. e An upregulation of active microglia/macrophages was observed in S100B optic nerves compared to all other groups. Scale bar: 20 μm, n = 6/group, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. naïve group, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs. PBS group, ^¥p < 0.05, ^¥¥p < 0.01; ^¥¥¥p < 0.001 vs. S100B group