Fig. 3

The administration of anti-β1 integrin antibody significantly suppressed pro-inflammatory polarization of BV-2 microglial cells mediated by fibronectin as well as conditioned medium of reactive astrocytes in vitro. a Schematic illustration of our in vitro experiments. At 2 h after stimulation of primary astrocyte culture, the conditioned medium (RACM) was collected, concentrated, and incubated with BV-2 microglia. BV-2 cells were subjected to analyses at 48 h after the stimulation. b Phase contrast images of BV-2 cells before and after RACM stimulation. c Analyses of the mRNA expression of BV-2 cells after pre-treatment with control antibody or anti-β1 integrin antibody and RACM stimulation by qPCR. The concentration of 1× RACM was 10 times denser than 10×-diluted RACM. Error bar indicates mean ± SEM. Star indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05). Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test. n = 3 per each group, triplicate. TNFα: F = 0.306, 0.0256, and 0.0014, respectively. Msr1: F = 0.872, 0.047, and 0.032, respectively