Fig. 11

Attenuated activation of astrocyte and microglia in SDH of EM rats by both LRU and MIP. a–d Representative immunofluorescence images showed inhibitory effects of LRU and MIP on GFAP expression in the SDH of EM rats (14 days after surgery). e–h Immunofluorescence showed attenuated IBA1 expression in the SDH of EM rats (14 days after surgery) receiving LRU or MIP. i, j Quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity showed that EM upregulated the expression of GFAP and IBA1 in the SDH. MIP and LRU attenuated the expression of GFAP and IBA1 in the SDH of EM rats. Nine slices from 3 rats in each group, *p < 0.05, EM 14d versus sham group; ^#p < 0.05, EM 14d versus EM + LRU and EM 14d versus EM + MIP group, one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test