Fig. 3

Effects of antidepressants on CytoM-induced NO in primary astrocytes. Cells were pretreated with paroxetine (A), fluoxetine (B), sertraline (C), citalopram (D), fluvoxamine (E), and venlafaxine (F) at different concentrations for 30 min followed by stimulation with CytoM for 24 h. NO production was indicated by nitrite levels in culture media. Values were expressed relative to the one treated with CytoM alone, which was set as 100. Values are means ± SE, n = 4 for (A, C–E), n = 3 for (B, F). Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Different letters indicate p < 0.05. NO, nitric oxide