Table 1 Gene expression differences. RNA obtained from FACS sorted MDMs and microglia were compared between cell type, sex, and age. Estimated marginal means (EMM) were obtained following MANOVA to control for the combined variable when testing sex and age, and the EMMs were used for comparisons using T test (p) with, and without, false discovery rate (FDR) correction (q) using the two-stage step-up method of Benjamini, Krieger, and Yekutieli. Genes with fewer than 75% of samples testing below detectable threshold were not compared. Genes are organized based on affiliated function as previously described [12]. Significant p and q values were set to 0.05

M1 activation

CD80

Cluster of differentiation 80

0.005*

0.001*

0.004*

0.057

0.788

1.000

0.049*

0.225

0.678

0.996

CD86

Cluster of differentiation 86

0.001*

0.001*

0.526

0.897

0.059

0.981

0.534

0.726

0.904

1.000

FCGR1

FC gamma receptor 1 (CD64)

0.005*

0.001*

0.087

0.396

0.855

1.000

0.936

0.940

0.830

0.996

IL1b

Interleukin 1β

0.001*

0.001*

0.458

0.894

0.538

1.000

IL4Ra

Interleukin 4 receptor a

0.001*

0.001*

0.919

0.962

0.584

1.000

0.604

0.735

0.396

0.996

TNF

Tumor necrosis factor

0.361

0.044*

0.370

0.894

0.562

1.000

0.866

0.909

0.252

0.996

STAT1

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1

0.253

0.032*

0.340

0.894

0.430

0.981

0.683

0.760

0.527

0.996

SOCS3

Suppressor of cytokine signalling 3

0.472

0.055

0.812

0.962

0.983

1.000

0.987

0.950

0.423

0.996

M2 activation

STAT3

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

0.001*

0.001*

0.873

0.962

0.334

0.981

0.600

0.735

0.559

0.996

ARG1

Arginase-1

0.001*

0.001*

0.876

0.962

0.369

0.981

0.025*

0.195

0.955

1.000

CHI3L3

Chitinase 3-like-3

0.001*

0.001*

0.952

0.962

0.789

1.000

0.484

0.726

0.755

0.996

MANF

Mes. astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor

0.001*

0.001*

0.322

0.894

0.678

1.000

0.408

0.673

0.741

0.996

MRC1

Mannose receptor C-type 1

0.001*

0.001*

0.698

0.908

0.267

0.981

0.003*

0.036*

0.637

0.996

PPAR훾

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-훾

0.001*

0.001*

0.177

0.689

0.321

0.981

STAT6

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6

0.001*

0.001*

0.041*

0.277

0.391

0.981

0.375

0.666

0.023*

0.308

TGFβ1

Transforming growth factor β-1

0.001*

0.001*

0.052

0.283

0.323

0.981

0.069

0.264

0.362

0.996

ROS

SOD2

Superoxide dismutase 2

0.02*

0.003*

0.523

0.897

0.959

1.000

0.144

0.333

0.466

0.996

CYBB

Cytochrome b-245 (NOX2)

0.001*

0.001*

0.696

0.908

0.450

0.981

0.003*

0.036*

0.024*

0.308

EPAS1

Hypoxia-inducible factor 2-α

0.001*

0.001*

0.631

0.908

0.990

1.000

HIF1a

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α

0.001*

0.001*

0.015*

0.138

0.135

0.981

0.131

0.333

0.582

0.996

HMOX1

Heme oxygenase-1

0.001*

0.001*

0.230

0.785

0.351

0.981

0.210

0.441

0.434

0.996

IKBKB

Inhibitor of NFKB

0.001*

0.001*

0.904

0.962

0.450

0.981

0.100

0.329

0.780

0.996

NFE212

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)

0.018*

0.003*

0.570

0.908

0.989

1.000

0.513

0.726

0.799

0.996

SOD1

Superoxide dismutase 1

0.001*

0.001*

0.446

0.894

0.836

1.000

0.047*

0.225

0.513

0.996

UCP2

Uncoupling protein 2

0.002*

0.001*

0.433

0.894

0.669

1.000

0.138

0.333

0.791

0.996

Debris

C1qa

Complement 1 subunit a

0.001*

0.001*

0.001*

0.018*

0.978

1.000

0.342

0.659

0.941

1.000

cPLA2

Phospholipase A2

0.001*

0.001*

0.685

0.908

0.187

0.981

0.691

0.760

0.724

0.996