Fig. 5

Effect of rA2 treatment on TBI-induced neuroinflammation. A Representative cytokine profile array in the peri-lesion cortex of the ipsilateral hemisphere in sham, TBI, and TBI + rA2 mice at 1 day after TBI. B Quantitation of cytokines, n = 3. C Quantitative analysis of IL-1β and CCL2 mRNA levels in the cortex area of the ipsilateral cortex in sham, TBI + saline, and TBI + rA2 mice at 12 h after TBI, n = 4. D Quantitative analysis of E-selectin, VCAM1, and ICAM1 mRNA levels in the isolated cortical microvessels at 24 h after TBI, n = 3. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05 compared to sham; ^#p < 0.05 compared to TBI