Fig. 3
From: Sex differences and similarities in the neuroimmune response to central administration of poly I:C
mRNA gene expression of cytokines, chemokines, and markers of glial activation in the hippocampus. Baseline gene expression was measured by normalizing the male saline-treated group to the female saline-treated group and analyzed using independent, two-sample t tests. Baseline expression of A1 CD11b, B1 GFAP, C1 IL-1α, D1 IL-1β, E1 IL-6, F1 IL-10, G1 IFNα, H1 IFNβ, I1 IFNγ, J1 TNFα, K1 CCL2, and L1 CXCL10 are shown. Gene expression changes following poly I:C treatment were calculated by normalizing time points after poly I:C treatment to the saline-treated groups within sex to eliminate confounding variables of baseline sex differences. Gene expression was analyzed using two-way ANOVA tests for A2 CD11b, B2 GFAP, C2 IL-1α, D2 IL-1β, E2 IL-6, F2 IL-10, G2 IFNα, H2 IFNβ, I2 IFNγ, J2 TNFα, K2 CCL2, and L2 CXCL10. * above a bracket covering both sexes indicates a significant main effect of sex (p < 0.05); * above a horizontal line covering just one sex indicates a significant main effect of treatment (p < 0.0.5); * above a single bar indicates a significant post hoc test (p < 0.05) vs the saline-treated group within sex; % above a single bar indicates a significant post hoc test (p < 0.05) vs females at the same time point