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Fig. 9 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 9

From: Small extracellular vesicles encapsulating CCL2 from activated astrocytes induce microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis after traumatic spinal cord injury

Fig. 9

sEVs encapsulating CCL2 from activated astrocytes induce microglial activation and neuronal apoptosis after traumatic spinal cord injury. After SCI, astrocytes activate and release sEVs that encapsulate CCL2, which in turn acts on microglia and neuronal cells through the sEV pathway and binds CCR2, thus promoting neuronal cell apoptosis and the activation of microglia. Subsequently, the activated microglia release IL-1β, which attacks neuronal cells, thereby further aggravating neuronal apoptosis

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094