Fig. 9

Longitudinal comparison of plasma cytokines in VCID mouse model. A–C Plasma inflammatory cytokine levels from mice with 3 weeks of HF, and 8 weeks of HF, in both Control-Saline, and HF-Saline treated mice were measured via MILLIPLEX MAP Mouse High Sensitivity Multiplex Immunoassay. At 3 weeks of HF, HF-Saline mice had significantly higher IL-1α, MIP-1α, and MIP-2 concentrations than age-matched Control-Saline treated mice. A significant decrease in cytokine concentrations was observed in HF-Saline-treated mice from 3 to 8 weeks of HF. Data are represented with mean and ± SE. Difference in groups were tested by ANOVA