Fig. 1

Ganglionic macrophages proliferate after nerve injury. ATF3-positive cells (green) in the contralateral (contra) and ipsilateral (ipsi) sides of the maxillary nerve region of the trigeminal ganglion on day 1 after infraorbital nerve ligation (a) and the number of ATF3-positive cells (n = 4–6/timepoints) (b). Iba1-positive cells (red) on day 7 after nerve ligation (c) and the number of Iba1-positive cells (n = 4–6/timepoints) (d). BrdU (green)- and Iba1 (red)-positive cells (e), multiple staining showing co-localization (arrowhead) of BrdU signals (green) with nucleus (blue) of Iba1-positive cells (red) (f) on day 5 after a nerve ligation, and the number of BrdU- and Iba1-positive cells (n = 4–6/timepoints) (g). See list of abbreviations. Scale bars are indicated. Data are represented as mean (S.D.), and differences were detected using two-way ANOVA with Tukey–Kramer test (b, d, g)