Fig. 9

M2 macrophage polarization increases the expression of OT and OTR in the colon. A Animal pattern. The day before and on the fourth day of the D-mannose model, clodronate liposomes/control liposomes (200 µL/mouse) were injected intraperitoneally, and 20% D-mannose was fed daily in drinking water for 7 consecutive days. B The body weight change during the 7-day D-mannose model. C Statistical comparison of colon lengths in the different groups. D The concentration of OT in plasma after injecting control liposomes and clodronate liposomes was measured by ELISA. E Muscularis macrophages in colon cross sections (left) and whole mount myenteric plexus (right) stained for anti-Iba1 (left) or anti-Arg1 antibodies (left) and CD206 (right). Scale bars, 10 μm for cross sections; 20 μm for whole mount images. Images are representative of 2 independent experiments. N = 4/group. F The levels of CD206 and iNOS mRNA after injecting control liposomes and clodronate liposomes were measured by qRT-PCR. G The levels of OT and OTR mRNA of LMMP after injecting control liposomes and clodronate liposomes were measured by qRT-PCR. Notably, after macrophages were depleted, the expression of OT and OTR decreased significantly. The values represent the mean ± SEM of 6 samples and were compared by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001