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Table 1 Blood–CSF barrier function, CSF and serum albumin, CSF total protein, and CSF L-lactate in group I

From: Cerebrospinal fluid findings in COVID-19: a multicenter study of 150 lumbar punctures in 127 patients

 

Units

Total

 ≤ 14 d

 > 14 d

Acute B/SC subgroup

Acute PN/CN/H subgroup

Blood-CSF barrier function

 QAlb > QAlb(lim)

Samples

58/116 (50%)

46/82 (56.1%)

10/21 (47.6%)

37/65 (56.9%)

8/16 (50%)

 QAlb, all LPs

7.9 (1.5–50.8;116)

8.6 (3.2–50.8;82)

8.1 (3–14.3;21)

8.6 (3.3–50.8;65)

7.7 (3.2–24.8;16)

 QAlb, if positive

11.4 (6.72–50.8;58)

11.8 (6.72–50.8;46)

11.1 (8.09–14.3;10)

12.9 (6.7–50.8;37)

11.5 (6.9–24.8;8)

 Alb CSF

mg/l

238 (38–1400;116)

243 (80–1400;82)

206 (102–516;21)

240 (106–1400;65)

276 (80–951;16)

 Alb serum

g/l

28.9 (14–54.8;117)

30.25 (15.4–54.8;82)

31.9 (14–51.5;21)

28.3 (15.4–48.4;65)

36.4 (19.3–54.8;16)

 Albuminocytological dissociation

Samples

43/115 (37.4%)

32/78 (41%)

7/23 (30.4%)

37/99 (37.4%)

6/16 (37.5%)

Combined intrathecal synthesis and BCB disruption

Samples

0/57 (0%)

0/45 (0%)

0/10 (0%)

0/36 (0%)

0/8 (0%)

CSF total protein

      

 CSF TP, elevated

Samples

54/118 (45.8%)

41/78 (52.6%)

8/23 (34.8%)

35/66 (53%)

6/11 (54.5%)

 CSF TP, all LPs

mg/dl

41.75 (11–240.4;118)

46.55 (17.5–240.4;78)

34 (18.7–75.1;23)

46.55 (17.5–240.4;66)

48.6 (17.7–158.8;11)

 CSF TP, if elevated

mg/dl

65.35 (45.3–240.4;54)

65.7 (45.3–240.4;41)

57.6 (45.9–75.1;8)

70 (45.3–240.4;35)

63.65 (48.6–158.8;6)

 CSF TP, > 100 mg/dl

Samples

12/118 (10.2%)

10/78 (12.8%)

0/23 (0%)

9/66 (13.6%)

1/11 (9.1%)

CSF L-lactate

 CSF L-lactate, elevated

Samples

26/109 (23.9%)

20/74 (27%)

3/21 (14.3%)

17/62 (27.4%)

2/11 (18.2%)

 CSF L-lactate, all LPs

mmol/l

2.1 (1.05–4;109)

2.1 (1.28–4;74)

2 (1.05–3.04;21)

2.1 (1.3–4;62)

2 (1.28–3.4;11)

 CSF L-lactate, if elevated

mmol/l

3.04 (2.2–4;26)

3.02 (2.2–4;20)

3.03 (2.79–3.04;3)

2.25 (1.3–4;33)

2.2 (1.4–3.4;5)

 CSF L-lactate, > 3 mmol/l

Samples

14/109 (12.8%)

10/74 (13.5%)

2/21 (9.5%)

8/62 (12.9%)

1/11 (9.1%)

  1. Results are given as medians (with ranges and sample or patient numbers in brackets) and frequencies (with percentages in brackets), respectively. Note that columns 6 and 7 in Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 refer to samples obtained within 14 days after neurological onset (‘acute B/SC subgroup’ and ‘acute PN/CN/H subgroup’, as defined in the Patients section); non-stratified data on the total ‘B/SC subgroup’ and the total ‘PN/CN/H subgroup’ can be found in the Results section and Fig. 1. Alb albumin, BCB bloodCSF barrier, B/SC brain/spinal cord, LP lumbar puncture, PN/CN/H peripheral nerve/cranial nerve/headache only, QAlb CSF/serum albumin ratio, TP total protein.