Fig. 2

Visual demonstration of distal, proximal, and focal cluster regions identified by MORPHIOUS. Following the unilateral treatment of FUS, MORPHIOUS was trained using contralateral hippocampi stained with either IBA1 (A) or GFAP (B). When applied to the ipsilateral hippocampi stained with IBA1(C) or GFAP (D), MORPHIOUS identified proximal (orange) and focal (red) regions. Microglia and astrocytes present within the FUS–ipsilateral sections but outside proximal and focal cluster regions are referred to as distal microglia and astrocytes. Similarly, in the TgCRND8 cohort, MORPHIOUS was trained using IBA1 (E) or GFAP (F) hippocampal sections from non-transgenic (nonTg) control animals. When applied to IBA1 (G) or GFAP (H) hippocampal sections from TgCRND8 hippocampi, Focal (red) and Proximal (orange) regions of activation were identified. Microglia or astrocytes present within the TgCRND8 hippocampus but outside the identified regions of activation are referred to as distal microglia and astrocytes. (I) A schematic of focal, proximal, and distal cells. FUS, focused ultrasound; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; IBA1, Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1; Prox., Proximal; nonTg, non-transgenic littermates of TgCRND8 mice; Tg, TgCRND8 mice