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Fig. 2 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 2

From: ALS monocyte-derived microglia-like cells reveal cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation, DNA damage, and cell-specific impairment of phagocytosis associated with disease progression

Fig. 2

Morphology of ALS MDMi compared to HC MDMi a Log transformed gene expression of Ki67 mRNA normalised to housekeeping gene, 18S, was examined in HC, slow, intermediate, and rapid ALS MDMi subgroups at day 14. A commercially available neural stem cell line (ReNcell VM) was used as a control for proliferating cells, n = 3 from independent experiments. No differences were observed between age-matched HC and ALS cohort or between ALS MDMi subgroups; HC: n = 10, Slow: n = 7, Intermediate: n = 4, Rapid: n = 7. b Schematic example of a skeletonised MDMi showing branch length (µm), end-points, triple junctions (junctions with exactly 3 branches), and quadruple junctions (junctions with exactly 4 branches). c Phase contrast images of mature ALS MDMi subgroups (slow, intermediate, and rapid) 14 days in culture. d Microglial branch length (left panel) was compared between the ALS (n = 19) and HC (n = 10) MDMi cohorts on day 14. The ALS MDMi cohort was then categorised into slow, intermediate and rapid subgroups for microglial branch length (right panel). e Microglial end-points (left panel) were compared between ALS (n = 19) and HC (n = 10) MDMi cohort on day 14. The ALS MDMi cohort were then categorised into slow, intermediate and rapid subgroups for microglial end-points (right panel). Both microglial branch length and end-points were analysed by ImageJ and normalised against cell number. HC: n = 10, ALS: n = 19 (Slow: n = 6, Intermediate: n = 6, Rapid: n = 7). f Average number of branches, and secondary junctions of HC and ALS MDMi and g ALS MDMi subgroups were analysed by ImageJ and normalised against cell number; HC: n = 10, ALS: n = 19 (Slow: n = 6, Intermediate: n = 6, Rapid: n = 7). Data were first tested for normality using Shapiro–Wilk test. Statistical analysis between two groups was performed using Student’s t test and between multiple groups using one-way ANOVA. Values are the mean ± SD (in Figures a, d and e) and SEM (in Figures f and g) (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). Scale bars = 50 µm

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094