Fig. 8

ZP1609 improves cognitive function in mice exposed to long-term isoflurane anesthesia. a Representative trajectories in different treatment groups in the context test of FCT. b Freezing time in the context test of FCT. A significantly higher freezing time was observed in the Iso + ZP1609 group, as compared to Iso and Iso + Vehicle group. c Representative trajectories in different treatment groups in the tone test of FCT. d Freezing time in the tone test of FCT and no differences in freezing time are observed among groups. e Representative trajectories of each group in Y-maze test. f The mice in the Iso + Vehicle group displayed lesser spontaneous alteration than the mice in the control group, which was reversed by the ZP1609 treatment. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 18 per group for behavioral assessments). ANOVA with Fisher’s PLSD test was used for statistical analysis. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Veh, vehicle (phosphate buffered saline)