Fig. 1

Overall study design and locomotor activity of male and female rats during an IV ketamine infusion. A Study design of Experiments 1 and 2. B Average body weights of adult male and female rats used in this study. C Spontaneous locomotor activity monitored by infrared photobeams during the 2-h infusion period. 10 mg/kg ketamine reduced activity both in male and female rats, but 40 mg/kg ketamine stimulated activity in female rats only. D A representative image of MSD cytokine multiplex assay. The first two columns on the left indicate a serial dilution of standards (S1 to S8) and the rest of columns indicate plasma samples loaded in the 96-well assay plate. Individual spots in each well indicate different cytokines. The sample sizes for body weight and locomotor activity: Saline controls (n = 25 for males and n = 25 for females), ketamine 10 mg/kg (n = 19 for males and n = 25 for females), and ketamine 40 mg/kg (n = 18 for males and n = 9 for females). *Significant from the controls (p < 0.05), #Significant between male and female rats (p < 0.05)