Fig. 2

The perioperative stroke mice develop profound neurological deficits such as sensorimotor, cognitive, and social dysfunction. A–C Sensorimotor function was assessed using Garcia score test (A) or foot fault test (B, C) until 28 days after tMCAO (n = 10–15/group). D Representative trajectories of mice showing spatial reference memory or spatial working memory. E Spatial learning in the navigation test of MWM on days 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 after stroke. Average escape latency is shown for the training sessions. F Quantification of swimming speed during probe test on day 25 after stroke. G Time traveled in the target quadrant during the probe test (n = 10–11/group). H Quantification of latency to the platform during spatial working memory testing on days 26, 27, and 28 after stroke (n = 10–11/group). I Representative trajectories of mice showing sociability and social novelty preference. J During the sociability test, the time spent interacting with a stranger mouse or with an empty cup was recorded on days 30 after stroke (n = 10–11/group). K During the social novelty preference test, the time spent interacting with a novel introduced stranger versus an initial stranger was recorded on days 30 after stroke (n = 10–11/group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ns indicates nonsignificant