Fig. 3

IL-27-treated astrocytes enhance expression of T-bet and EOMES by co-cultured CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. A Experimental procedure for T cell–astrocyte co-cultures. Human astrocytes were treated or not with IL-27 or IL-1β for 24 h. αCD3/αCD28 activated human CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ T lymphocytes were added to washed human astrocytes and co-cultured for 24 h prior to being collected for flow cytometry analysis. B Representative dot plots of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes alone or co-cultured with untreated, IL-27 or IL-1β-treated astrocytes for detection of T-bet, EOMES, RORγt, and GATA-3. C Percentage of positive CD4⁺ (red, left axis) and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes (blue, right axis) expressing T-bet, EOMES, RORγt and GATA-3 are shown as mean ± SEM; each dot represents one donor. Paired Friedman test (T-bet for CD8⁺ T lymphocytes) or one‐way ANOVA followed by Fisher's LSD test (for all other comparisons) were used. P values comparing T lymphocytes alone (empty bars) and T cells co-cultured with untreated or treated astrocytes are shown as pink stars. P values for comparison within T lymphocytes–astrocytes co-cultured groups are shown as black stars above lines. n = 6; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ***P < 0.0001