Table 1 Summary of microglial subsets reported in AD mouse models

5 × FAD

scRNA-seq

DAM

↓: P2ry12/P2ry13, Cx3cr1, Tmem119

↑: ApoE, Ctsd, Lpl, Tyrobp and Trem2

Two-Step Activation Mechanism:

First step, Trem2-independent;

Second step, Trem2-dependent

Participating in the clearance of amyloid β

Keren-Shaul et al. [21]

4-month-APP/PS1

Single-cell mass cytometry with fluorescence cytometry

Confirm the DAM

↑: CD11c and CD14

Mrdjen et al. [184]

SOD1G93A

APP/PS1,

EAE mice

RNA-seq

MGnD

↓: Homeostatic genes

↑: Inflammatory molecules, such as ApoE

Trem2-APOE pathway

Krasemann et al. [103]

CK-p25

scRNA-seq

Proliferating microglia (early stage)

Mathys et al. [104]

MHC-II

(later stage)

↑: Class II components genes

IFN-I

(later stage)

↑: Type I interferon response gene

Trem2-/-, 18–20 months old, 6-month-old 5 × FAD

scRNA-seq

WAMs

↓: Homeostatic genes and checkpoint genes

↑: DAM-associated genes

In aged mice: age and Trem2 dependent;

In AD model: age and Trem2, ApoE dependent

Clearing degenerated myelin

Safaiyan et al. [22]

PS2APP, 5 × FAD, APPswe/PS1De9 and two tau models: P301S/L

RNA-seq

Confirm the DAM and IFN-I

Friedman et al. [183]

Proliferating microglia

Expressing proliferation module

↑:slightly: mitosis genes