Fig. 6

BG-EVs mediate distinct changes in the transcriptome of astrocytes: 200,000 primary mouse astrocytes per well were seeded in a 12 well-plate 24-h prior to experiment. Cells were treated with vehicle PBS or with 100 µg/mL pooled BG-EVs (n = 4, 25 µg/pool from each group) and incubated for 24 h. Cellular RNA was extracted, and gene expression was assessed by RT-qPCR. A–D Differential analysis of A CD40, B TNFα, C MMP2, and D MMP9. Top graph is WT and bottom graph is CX3CR1 + GFP + (TG) astrocytes. E–H Graphs depicting the differential response to the treatments between WT and CX3CR1 + GFP + (TG) astrocytes. Ordinary one-way ANOVA multiple comparison test (Dunnett’s test) was used to assess statistical differences in A–D. Unpaired T test with Welch’s correction was used to assess statistical differences between SIV and THC/SIV groups in panels A–H. Error bars represent S.E.M. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; ns, not significant. I The levels of untreated astrocyte CX3CR1 mRNA expression relative to normalization against GAPDH. The RT-qPCR products representative of mRNA levels were normalized to GAPDH signal and shown on the bar, while the amplicons separated on agarose gel is the inset. J Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the altered genes in astrocytes