Fig. 8

Incubation with MSC-EVs reduces the content of pro-inflammatory markers and restores the content of anti-inflammatory markers in hippocampal slices from hyperammonemic rats as measured by western blot. Content of A IL-6 (n = 9–13), B IL-1β (n = 8–24), C TNFα (n = 8–22), D IL-4 (n = 8–21), E IL-10 (n = 8–13) and F Arginase1 (n = 9–17) in homogenates from hippocampal slices measured by western blot. Representative images of the blots of each protein and the loading control (β-actin or GAPDH in case of Arginase1) are shown. Content of G IL-1β (n = 7–9) and H TNFα (n = 8–9) in homogenates from hippocampal slices measured by ELISA and expressed as pg per mg of total protein. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was performed to compare all groups. Values are expressed as percentage of protein content in controls and are the mean ± SEM. Values significantly different from controls are indicated by asterisk (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001), values significantly different from HA group are indicated by a (a = p < 0.05; aa = p < 0.01; aaa = p < 0.001; aaaa = p < 0.0001) and values significantly different from HA + EVs group are indicated by b (b = p < 0.05; bb = p < 0.01; bbb = p < 0.001; bbbb = p < 0.0001). Sample size of each group is indicated at the bottom of the bars