Fig. 7

Blockade of TNF-α and IFN-γ rescues inflammatory consequences caused by VDR defects in microglia/macrophages. A Treatment strategies using anti-TNF-α antibodies intraperitoneally (i.p.) and anti-IFN-γ antibodies intraventricularly (i.c.v.) in stroke Vdr-cKO mice. B mNSS score (right) and Rotarod test (left) of indicated groups after MCAO (n = 10 per group). C Infarct volumes of indicated groups 5 days after MCAO (n = 4 per group). Scale bar, 5 mm. D FACS analysis of brain infiltrating CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells of indicated groups 5 days after MCAO (n = 4 per group). E Cxcl10 mRNA expression in the ischemic brains of indicated groups 5 days after MCAO (n = 5 per group). F Schematic diagram illustrating the role of microglia/macrophage VDR in acute ischemic stroke. Each symbol represents one mouse. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. * or # P < 0.05, ** or ## P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse–Geisser correction followed by Sidak's post hoc test for B, *denotes the difference between control and Vdr-cKO mice, # symbolizes the difference between Vdr-cKO mice and Vdr-cKO mice receiving anti-TNF-α and anti-IFN-γ antibodies; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test for C, D; Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test for E