Fig. 6

Hematogenous leukocytes actively transmigrate through the BSCB post-SCI. a–c Time-lapse imaging of activated PE-conjugated GR-1-labeled leukocytes in the dSV within two hours post-SCI. Scale bar = 200 μm. IM, immediate. This immediate time point for in vivo imaging was approximately 3–5 min post-SCI. Data were averaged from 3 longitudinally sequential ROIs from one spinal segment of each mouse. Quantification of the number of leukocytes rolling along (b) and adhered to (c) the lumen of the dSV within 2 h post-SCI (n = 6 mice). #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ####P < 0.0001 by the Kruskal–Wallis test. d–e Time-lapse imaging of YFP-positive cells in LysM-YFP mice within 4 h post-SCI. Data from three ROIs on one spinal segment were averaged. Scale bar = 200 μm. (e) Quantification of YFP-positive cells in the extravascular area. The number of cells was normalized by that observed in the same ROI pre-SCI (n = 6 mice). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ####P < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA; **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA; nested, one-way and two-way ANOVA (b, c, e)