Fig. 6
B cell application induces persistent alterations in the activation and inflammatory cytokine profile of resident microglial populations. A The numbers of activated microglia were significantly increased in the injured hemisphere at all time points examined, regardless of treatment. B cell application at the time of injury significantly and persistently reduced the proportion of activated pro-inflammatory microglia starting at 4 days and up to 2 months post-injury. B–H Among the examined cytokines, immunoregulation by B cell treatment on the microglia was less pronounced as compared to that observed in the peripheral immune cells, and mainly included a significant reduction in the proportion of cells expressing high levels of IL-6 C, as well as an increase in cells producing IL-2 at 2 months post-injury E. Statistical significance was assessed by multiple two-tailed unpaired t-tests for each individual marker and time point and corrected for multiple comparisons using the Holm-Å Ãdák method *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001