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Fig. 8 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 8

From: B cell treatment promotes a neuroprotective microenvironment after traumatic brain injury through reciprocal immunomodulation with infiltrating peripheral myeloid cells

Fig. 8

Infiltrating peripheral monocytes/ macrophages at the site of injury are required for specific regulatory B cell activation. Circulating monocytes were depleted with clodronate liposomes 24 h prior to CCI/sham-injury (N = 6/group). Control animals received saline liposomes 24 h prior to CCI/sham-injury (N = 6/group). B cells were injected intraparenchymally at the time of injury and retrieved after 48 h in situ. A, B Clodronate administration did not affect the survival of B cells in situ. C–J Flow cytometry analysis of cytokine expression in the exogenous B cells showed a significant impact of monocyte/macrophage depletion on the proportion of B cells positive for IL-10 G, TGFβ H, and IL-2 I. For most other cytokines and activation markers, there was a significant injury-associated response, however this was independent of myeloid cell depletion. Statistical significance was assessed by two-way ANOVA, followed by Šídák’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094