Fig. 8

Pharmacologic stimulation of GPR43 on IEL induces an anti-inflammatory effect in experimental colitis. Inflammatory colitis was induced in Rag1^−/− Cd45.2^+/+ mice by the i.v. transference of 5 × 10⁵ naïve CD45.1⁺CD45.2⁺ CD4⁺ T-cells. In addition, some groups of mice received 5 × 10⁵ of IEL treated with 4-CMTB (blue) or untreated (UT black). As a control, another group received only total CD45.1⁺CD45.2⁺ CD4⁺ T-cells (grey). A Schematic illustration of the experimental design. B Body weight was weekly registered throughout the whole time and the percentage of body weight change relative to the initial weight was quantified. Values represent mean ± SEM. C At week 6, mice were sacrificed and the colon length was assessed. Each symbol represents data obtained from an individual mouse. D MNC were isolated from the colonic lamina propria 6 weeks after the transfer and the percentage of infiltration of each population was determined by flow cytometry: therapeutic IEL (CD45.1⁺), donor CD4⁺ T-cells (CD45.1⁺ CD45.2⁺), Total TCRβ⁺ T-cells (CD45.1⁺TCRβ⁺); Total innate CD45⁺ cells (CD45⁺TCRβ⁻) and total leukocytes (CD45⁺). B–D Mean ± SEM from 4 to 7 mice per group. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test (B, comparing different experimental groups in each single day), or by Tukey’s post-hoc test (C and D). B Black asterisks correspond to comparisons between Tn + IEL UT and Total CD4⁺, whilst red asterisks correspond to comparisons between Tn and Total CD4⁺ groups