Fig. 6
PA lung infection causes systemic and neuroinflammation. a–c PA-induced plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α at different time points after infection (OD600 0.3) compared to uninfected controls. Kruskal–Wallis test, P = 0.01, P = 0.001 and P = 0.0009 vs. control (uninfected) group. d–f mRNA expression levels of (d) cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), (e) chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL2) and (f) adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) in cortex from control and infected. Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.004, P = 0.03, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.02 vs. control (uninfected) group. g–i mRNA expression levels of (g) cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), (h) chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL2) and (i) adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) in hippocampus from control and infected mice. Mann–Whitney test, P = 0.01, P = 0.005 vs. control (uninfected) group. In all graphs, each point indicates data from an individual animal bar graphs (columns and error bars) show mean ± S.E.M