Fig. 7

Effect of proinflammatory cytokines on brain microvascular endothelial barrier function. a TER measurements across confluent monolayers of mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells treated with IL-1β (2–200 ng/mL) and IL-1β + TNF-α (20 ng/mL each). The data were represented as resistance change. Mean ± S.E.M., n = 3. Arrow indicates when cytokines were added. b Summary data showing TER changes in brain microvascular endothelial cells treated with IL-1β and IL-1β + TNF-α. Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test, P < 0.0001, IL-1β (2–200 ng/mL) vs. control (vehicle) group; P < 0.0001, IL-1β + TNF-α (20 ng/mL each) vs. control (vehicle). c Immunocytochemical analysis of claudin-5, VE-cadherin and ZO-1 (red) on brain microvascular endothelial cells under control conditions (vehicle) and after IL-1β (20 ng/mL) treatment in vitro. Nuclei was stained with DAPI. White arrows indicate TJ disorganization