Fig. 2

Changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), plasma norepinephrine (NE), and electroencephalogram (EEG) power between control and SIH rats. A The level of systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and HR before and after chronic stress in conscious rats. B The arterial blood pressure (ABP), SBP, MAP, and HR were tested in anesthetized rats. C Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) recording and D plasma norepinephrine (NE) ELISA assay were performed in the two groups. E Representative traces of EEG recording in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of control and SIH rats. F Power spectral density (PSD) features of control and SIH rats and G statistical data for power among δ, θ, α, β, Low γ, and High γ. Data were shown as mean ± SEM and analyzed via two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test (A–G). n = 6 rats per group (A–G). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. Control group