Fig. 7

TNF-α inhibition in the RVLM reduced neuronal overactivation, sympathetic outflow, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) in SIH rats. A Representative immunofluorescence images and quantitative analysis showed colocalization of c-FOS and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the RVLM of control + vehicle, SIH + vehicle, and SIH + R7050 groups. Scale bar = 50 μm. B Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) recording and C plasma norepinephrine (NE) ELISA assay were performed in the three groups. D The arterial blood pressure (ABP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and HR were tested in anesthetized rats. E The levels of SBP, MAP and HR were measured by telemetry in conscious rats. Data were shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Bonferroni test (A–E). n = 12 slices from 6 rats, two slices per rat (A). n = 6 rats per group (B–E). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. SIH + Vehicle group