Fig. 5

Impact of TLR2 and TLR9 inhibitors on inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors (TLRs) expression of microglial cells. A Levels of mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR9, IL-1β, and NF-kB in microglial cells stimulated with MOI = 20 of K. variicola or Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)–TLR2 agonist at a concentration of 10 µg/mL for 24 h, with or without the addition of TLR2 antagonistic antibody T2.5 at a concentration of 10 µg/mL for 1 h before the K. variicola or LTA stimulation. B Levels of mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR9, IL-1β, and NF-kB in microglial cells stimulated with MOI = 20 of K. variicola or CpG oligonucleotides (ODN1826)–TLR9 ligand at a concentration of 1 µM for 24 h, with or without the addition of TLR9 antagonist (ODN2088) at a concentration of 1 µM for 1 h before the K. variicola or ODN1826 stimulation (Mean ± SEM, ANOVA, **p < 0.01, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).