Table 1 Clinical and demographic characteristics of participants

Age, mean ± SD, y^a

43.13 ± 9.91

33.83 ± 13.87**

Sex, no. (%)^c

 Male

4 (26.7%)

15 (51.72%)^ns

 Female

11 (73.3%)

14 (48.28%)

Adapted modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score

 Score 0, no symptoms

–

6 (20.69%)

 Score 1, nondisabling symptoms

–

10 (34.49%)

 Score 2, minor symptoms

–

1 (3.45%)

 Score 3, moderate symptoms

–

3 (10.34%)

 Score 4, moderately severe symptoms

–

3 (10.34%)

 Score 5, severely disabled

–

6 (20.69%)

 Score 6, dead

–

0

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

 GCS 13–15, mild head injury

–

19 (65.50%)

 GCS 9–12, moderate head injury

–

5 (17.25%)

 GCS 3–8, severe head injury

–

5 (17.25%)

CSF WBCs (/μL), median (IQR)^a

2.00 (1.00–3.00)

11.00 (4.50–21.50)***

CSF total protein (mg/dL), mean ± SD^b

28.04 ± 1.83

34.47 ± 2.57*

CSF sTREM2 (pg/mL), median (IQR)^a

24.75 (14.45–32.88)

49.15 (37.48–97.54)***

Serum sTREM2 (pg/mL), median (IQR)^a

24.55 (13.32–34.73)

25.64 (17.50–42.92)^ns

CSF CD44 (pg/mL), median (IQR)^a

15.95 (12.09–72.15)

42.55 (31.33–69.47)*

Serum CD44 (pg/mL), median (IQR)^b

7.72 (4.26–12.17)

13.2 (10.92–17.33)***

Serum MMP9 (pg/mL), median (IQR)^a

210.63 (179.56–268.60)

306.09 (209.68–527.40)*

Qalb (mean ± SD, damage %)

3.89 ± 2.66

5.64 ± 2.92

MRI contrast enhancement (%)

1 (6.67%)

20 (68.97%)