Fig. 2

Anesthesia and surgery caused impulsive-like behaviors and cognitive deficits in aged mice. A Computer printouts showing the shifting trajectories of each group in the OFT at 8 days after surgical exposure. B The total distance for each group at 8 days after surgical exposure. C Computer printouts showing the shifting trajectories of each group in the EPM at 8 days after surgical exposure. D The time spent in the open arm for each group at 8 days after surgical exposure. E FC test experimental schematic diagram. F Freezing time during the FC test results caused by the indicated stimuli. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 12 mice/group). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test or Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparison test. **P < 0.01