Fig. 10

1400W treatment significantly reduced soman-induced epileptiform spikes and spontaneously recurring seizures (SRS) in males but not in females. A Representative EEG traces showing spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) in a male and a female rat and the corresponding gamma powerband elevation. B Heatmap of SRS episodes during the entire 4-month study period. C–E Epileptiform spike rate comparison between soman + vehicle and soman + 1400W (mixed-sex cohort—C; males—D, females—E). F–K SRS frequency, total seizure duration and average seizure duration in males and females compared between vehicle and 1400W treated soman-exposed animals. C, D, F–K Unpaired t-test; E Mann–Whitney test; F, I mixed-effects analysis (Šídák’s multiple comparisons test); for all, n = 12–13 for mixed-sex cohort or 5–8/sex; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01