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Table 2 Biomarkers

From: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of neuroinflammatory biomarkers are increased in athletes with persistent post-concussive symptoms following sports-related concussion

 

Biomarkers, pg/ml

SRC athletes, n = 24

median (IQR)

Controls, n = 12

median (IQR)

P-value

Duplicate cv (%)

LLOD

No. samples below detection

Cytokine Panel 1

IL-5

8.44 (7.19–9.73)

8.26 (6.84–9.41)

0.737

2.83

2.00

0

IL-7

9.82 (7.32–12.8)

10.4 (7.62–14.0)

0.663

4.64

1.06

0

IL-12/IL-23p40

16.7 (14.2–21.8)

13.8 (11.7–17.2)

0.052

3.83

1.61

0

IL-15

44.4 (39.3–53.2)

37.1 (34.5–44.7)

0.025

4.14

2.01

0

IL-16

75.8 (46.8–128)

57.2 (49.3–60.7)

0.107

4.56

8.47

0

IL-17A

0.51 (0.37–0.62)

0.47 (0.37–0.51)

0.330

6.71

1.00

1

TNF-β

1.05 (0.80–1.37)

0.48 (0.08–0.73)

0.002

4.29

1.94

5

VEGF

37.7 (31.9–40.9)

27.6 (24.4–32.5)

0.012

3.97

18.90

0

Proinflammatory panel 1

IFN-γ

7.37 (5.55–9.25)

7.12 (4.91–8.68)

0.867

4.41

4.15

0

IL-1β

1.65 (0.64–2.77)

0.80 (0.00–3.33)

0.420

6.53

2.39

6

IL-2

0.98 (0.77–1.20)

0.75 (0.64–0.90)

0.032

4.81

0.96

0

IL-6

21.2 (13.4–28.3)

21.9 (17.9–29.4)

0.591

6.44

1.59

0

IL-8

904 (644–1034)

676 (625–841)

0.093

8.76

1.60

0

IL-10

2.61 (2.11–3.49)

2.17 (1.69–2.52)

0.087

5.91

1.72

0

IL-13

51.5 (44.6–59.9)

48.8 (39.6–54.2)

0.247

9.21

51.4

2

TNF-α

8.80 (6.19–9.99)

6.35 (5.00–6.94)

0.011

5.39

4.87

0

Chemokine Panel 1

Eotaxin

67.0 (55.8–81.2)

49.8 (44.2–64.5)

0.008

11.66

24.00

0

Eotaxin-3

5.81 (4.48–8.59)

8.90 (7.99–14.3)

0.006

12.43

2.86

0

IP-10

1198 (905–2224)

570 (499–1249)

0.019

12.65

0.94

0

MCP-1

6178 (5065–6811)

6108 (5675–8900)

0.383

6.15

1.35

0

MCP-4

62.7 (47.3–81.3)

56.82 (50.1–72.1)

0.421

9.04

31.00

1

MDC

31.8 (25.7–37.9)

30.3 (25.7–33.5)

0.460

6.40

7.42

0

MIP-1α

78.9 (74.2–87.8)

80.1 (72.1–83.8)

0.867

7.64

27.90

0

MIP-1β

89.7 (61–115)

81.8 (63.6–125)

0.737

9.68

6.31

0

TARC

37.2 (29.7–53.3)

26.8 (25.1–40.7)

0.027

10.62

1.38

0

  1. Analyzed biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid in athletes with SRC and healthy controls were: Interleukin (IL)-1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-5, IL-7, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Eotaxin, Eotaxin-3, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-4 (MCP-4), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β) and thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC). The biomarkers are presented as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR). LLOD  lower limit of detection, CV  coefficient of variation, No  number. Statistically significant differences were defined as a P-value < 0.05 and are bolded
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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094