Fig. 3

Suppression of LPS-induced and ethanol-exacerbated microglia activation by synaptamide-induced GPR110 activation. WT and GPR110 KO mice were administered with ethanol (3 g/kg) or maltose (5.4 g/kg) through oral gavage and LPS (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected at 4 h after ethanol administration. Synaptamide (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected immediately after LPS administration. Microscopic images were obtained from brain sections prepared at 24 h after treatment with LPS/synaptamide and immune-stained for Iba-1 (A). Iba-1 cell number and Iba-1 intensity was quantified (B). The Iba-1 protein level was determined by Western blot analysis (C) at 24 h after LPS/synaptamide injection. Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3), representing two independent experiments. For microscopic data, 3 sections per each brain were quantified. ns, the difference of means is not statistically significant. **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001 vs. Maltose group