Fig. 1

Immunophenotyping after SID and EID on total PBMCs shows repopulation of B cells. A Schematic overview of the study design and timeline. Violin plots display the number of weeks after the first infusion of ocrelizumab and the B cell counts, which allow us to divide patients with MS into SID or EID. PBMCs from patients were collected before the next ocrelizumab infusion and mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) was performed. B UMAP plot showing CD45⁺ cells from the blood of CG, SID and EID patients. Colours correspond to PARC-guided clustering. Unsupervised clustering allows discrimination of the main immune cell populations. C Heatmap displaying the median scaled intensities of all the markers across the annotated immune cell clusters. D Bar plots of the percentage of each annotated cell population out of the total CD45⁺ cells from CG, SID and EID patients. Each data point corresponds to each individual, columns and error bars show mean ± SEM. P-values indicate the statistical differences after a GLM model with age, sex and type of MS as covariates. *adjusted p-value < 0.05, #unadjusted p-value < 0.05. OCR ocrelizumab, PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells, ILCs innate lymphocyte cells, NKT natural killer T cells, DN double negative, DP double positive cells, GLM multivariate general linear model, CG control group, SID standard interval dosing, EID extended interval dosing