Fig. 5

Cl-amidine promotes the phenotype of microglia/macrophage from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory at 3 days after TBI. A Representative double immunofluorescence staining for Iba1 (green) and CD16/32 (red) in the contused cortex at 3 days after TBI. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 100 μm. B Representative double immunofluorescence staining for Iba1 (green) and Arginase-1 (red) in the contused cortex at 3 days after TBI. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 100 μm. C–E Quantitative analyses of Iba1⁺ microglia/ macrophage (C), Iba1⁺/CD16/32⁺ M1 microglia/macrophage (D), and Iba1⁺/Arginase-1⁺ M2 microglia/macrophage (E) in the contused cortex at 3 days after TBI. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n = 6 per group. F M1-associated mRNA levels were evaluated including CD86, iNOs, IL-1β, and TNF-α. G M2-associated mRNA levels were evaluated including CD206, Arginase-1, IL-10, and YM1/2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n = 6 per group