Fig. 7

STING agonist 2′3′-cGAMP abolished the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Cl-amidine after TBI. A, B mNSS test (A) and Rotarod test (B) at 1 day post-TBI. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, n = 10 per group C, D mNSS test (C) and Rotarod test (D) at 3 days post-TBI. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n = 10 per group. E Representative double immunofluorescence staining for Iba1 (green) and CD16/32 (red) and representative double immunofluorescence staining for Iba1 (green) and Arginase-1 (red) in the contused cortex at 3 days after TBI. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 100 μm. F, G Quantitative analyses of Iba1⁺/CD16/32⁺ M1 microglia/macrophage (F), and Iba1⁺/Arginase-1⁺ M2 microglia/macrophage (G) in the contused cortex at 3 days after TBI. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n = 6 per group. H Representative image of the FJC (green) staining and representative images of TUNEL (green) co-localization with neurons (NeuN, red) in the contused cortex at 3 days after TBI. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 100 μm. I, J Quantitative analysis of FJC-positive cells (I) and quantitative analysis of TUNEL-positive neurons (J) in the contused cortex at 3 days after TBI. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, n = 6 per group. K Representative western blot bands and densitometric quantification of Iba-1, iNOs, Arginase-1, Bax, Bcl-2, and C-Caspase-3 after TBI. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n = 6 per group