Fig. 3

ShRNA PSMC5 suppressed neuroinflammation in BV2 cells. A The effect of shRNA PSMC5 on the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, COX-2, PGE₂, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Q-PCR analysis of IL-1β, COX-2, and TNF-α mRNA expression. ELISA measuring the production of IL-1β, PGE₂, and TNF-α. B Effect of shRNA PSMC5 on iNOS and COX-2 levels in BV2 microglia after LPS-induced neuroinflammation. C Signaling components of MyD88-dependent signaling pathway analyzed in BV2 using western blot with the indicated antibodies. D Cellular distribution of NF-κB p65 subunit (Green). Hoechst 33,258 (blue) was used for visualizing nuclei. Scale bar = 100 μm