Fig. 7
TLR4 knockout in mice protected against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive and motor impairments. A–D Morris water maze (MWM), passive avoidance test (PAT), pole test, and traction test were performed to test the memory ability and motor coordination in mice that received the indicated treatments. n = 15. E The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and PGE2 in mouse serum and brain were determined using ELISA kits. F Expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in mouse serum and brain were studied using ELISA kits. G ShRNA PSMC5 targeted TLR4 to ameliorate LPS-induced neuroinflammation. The expression levels of the signaling components of the TLR4-pathway in mouse hippocampus were determined using western blot with the indicated antibodies. E–G n = 3–4 mice/group,data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared to control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 compared to LPS (TLR4−/−) group, analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Error bars indicate SEM