Fig. 5

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) attenuated Alzheimer’s disease pathology in the cortex and hippocampus of APPswe mice. Mice were divided into three groups: non-transgenic mice (NC), AD mice orally administered PBS (APPswe), and AD mice orally administered 30 mg/kg/day C3G in PBS (APPswe_C3G). Protein expression levels in the cortical and hippocampal regions of the brain were observed using western blotting (n = 4). Levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) (A, E); β-secretase (BACE1) (B, F); presenilin-1 (PS1) (C, G); and α-secretase (ADAM10) (D, H). Data are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. ns, not significant; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Bars represent mean ± SE