Fig. 9

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) enhanced synaptic plasticity in the cortex and hippocampus APPswe mice. Mice were divided into three groups: non-transgenic mice (NC), AD mice orally administered PBS (APPswe), and AD mice orally administered 30 mg/kg/day C3G in PBS (APPswe_C3G). Data are mean ± SE **p < 0.01 and ****p < 0.0001. Expression levels of synaptic function-related proteins, such as synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), were observed in the cortex (A, B) and hippocampus (C, D) using western blotting (n = 4). Data are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001. Bars represent mean ± SE