Fig. 2

A Representative immunofluorescence images of iPSC-derived astrocytes from healthy control lines and familial AD lines harbouring a PSEN2 (N141I) mutation. The cells were stained for astrocyte markers GFAP (red) and S100β (green) and B the NPC marker nestin (green) and all nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Insert shows higher magnification. All scale bars = 50 μm. The percentage of iPSC-derived astrocytes positive for C) GFAP and D S100β. Mean fluorescence intensity of E GFAP and F S100β per astrocyte. An unpaired t-test was used to test whether there were statistically significant differences between the means of AD-derived and healthy control astrocytes. Each bar displays the mean ± SD of three cell lines with n ≥ 2 independent experiments per line (**p < 0.01). Immunofluorescence staining of all cell lines can be found in Additional file 1: Fig. S4