Fig. 4

Morphological characterisation of iPSC-derived astrocytes from three healthy control and three familial AD lines harbouring a PSEN2 (N141I) mutation. Quantification of A average cell perimeter, B average cell circularity and C average cell volume were determined using GFAP and S100β immunofluorescence and 3D reconstruction within FIJI. D Individual cells were categorised and based on morphological appearance, with representative phenotypes of ‘arborised’, ‘polarised’ and ‘process devoid’ cells illustrated in E. An unpaired t-test (A–C) or two-way ANOVA with a post hoc Dunnett’s test (D) were used to test whether there were statistically significant differences between the means of AD-derived and healthy control astrocytes for each morphological category. The figure displays the mean ± SD of three cell lines with n ≥ 2 independent experiments per line (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Scale bar = 50 μm