Fig. 2

Depletion of microfold cells alleviated memory dysfunction and Aβ pathologies in 5xFAD mice. A Spontaneous alternations (%) of WT, WT/Spib^−/−, 5xFAD, and 5xFAD/Spib^−/− mice (WT, n = 17; WT/Spib^−/−, n = 17; 5xFAD, n = 18; 5xFAD/Spib^−/− mice, n = 16). B Escape latencies of WT, WT/Spib^−/−, 5xFAD, and 5xFAD/Spib^−/− mice over 10 days. C, D In the probe trial on day 11, crossing the platform number C and spending time in the target quadrant D were recorded and analyzed. Statistical analysis included the two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Brain sections from 6-month-old mice were stained with thioflavin S (ThS). E Representative images of ThS staining of the hippocampus and cortex; scale bar, 100 μm. F The quantification of ThS-stained area (%) (n = 6 per group). G, H Analysis of Aβ_1-40 G and Aβ_1-42 H levels in the hippocampus and cortex using ELISA kits (n = 6 per group). Statistical analysis included the Student’s t-test. I and J Images of Iba-1 I and GFAP J immunostaining in the hippocampus and cortex; scale bar, 100 μm. K–N The quantification of Iba-1 in the hippocampus K and cortex L and GFAP in the hippocampus M and cortex N positive cells area (%) (n = 4–6 per group). Statistical analysis included the two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Bars represent as mean ± standard deviation. Bars of the Fig. 2B represent as mean ± standard error of the mean. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001, and ^####P < 0.0001 vs. WT mice. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 vs. 5xFAD mice